The clinical syndrome of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction

摘要: Clinicians have hypothesized a spectrum of minor neurologic manifestations, consistent with neuroanatomical reports and collectively termed as "syndrome bilirubin-induced dysfunction (BIND)," which can occur in the absence classical kernicterus. The current review builds on these initial focus clinical signs symptoms that are assessed by standardized tools manifest from neonatal age to childhood. These manifestations characterized following domains: (i) neuromotor signs; (ii) muscle tone abnormalities; (iii) hyperexcitable reflexes; (iv) variety neurobehavior manifestations; (v) speech language (vi) evolving array central processing abnormalities, such sensorineural audiology visuomotor dysfunctions. Concerns remain most vulnerable infants likely acquire BIND, either because their exposure bilirubin is not identified severe enough need treatment or prolonged but slightly below threshold levels for intervention. Knowing total serum/plasma (TB) level precise indicator neurotoxicity, role expanded biomarkers "bilirubin panel" has yet be validated prospective studies. Future studies correlate early "toxic" long-term academic potential children needed explore new insights into bilirubin's effect structural functional maturation an infant's neural network topology.