Biological effects of silver ions to Trifolium pratense L. revealed by analysis of biochemical indexes, morphological alteration and genetic damage possibility with special reference to hormesis

摘要: Abstract In our research, a series of toxicity tests with the underlying toxic mechanisms were conducted Trifolium pratense L. (red clover). After different silver exposing time (e.g., 1 d, 3 and 8 d), noticeable alterations had occurred in root elongation, photosynthetic pigments, ion leakage, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate (APX), glutathione (GPX), reductase (GR), (GSH), (AsA) assays. On average, tissues red clover retained on approximately 84.59 % total Ag absorbed as tolerance strategy to Ag+ stress. Ultrastructural damages morphological characteristics observed speculated be related severe free radical attack induced by argentiferous NPs synthesis vivo. Whole genome resequencing detected 1, 900, 266 996, 263 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) 868, 643 924, 957 insertions deletions (InDels) for two experimental plants (i.e., 4-day treated 8-day treated) compared controls. addition, genomic data revealed structural variations (SVs) copy number (CNVs) groups under Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis genes containing SNVs indicated that their molecular functions mostly DNA binding transcription factor activity. These findings might provide critical insight into regulatory pathways affected plants.