Results of Crust and Mantle Soundings in Central and Northern Europe in the 21st Century (Review)

摘要: The first decade of 21st century is characterized by the appearance new approaches to deep induction soundings. theory magnetovariation and magnetotelluric soundings was generalised or corrected. Spatial derivatives response functions (induction arrows) were obtained for ultra-long periods. New phenomena have been detected this method: secular variations Earth’s apparent resistivity rapid changes arrows over last 50 years. one can be correlated with number earthquakes, second one–with geomagnetic jerks in Central Europe. extensive studies geoelectrical structure crust mantle realized frame a series international projects. information about structures Northern Europe Ukraine electromagnetic involving controlled powerful sources. An influence magnetic permeability on sounding results confirmed.