Energy budget of the extreme Autumn 2006 in Europe

摘要: Autumn 2006 was extraordinarily mild in many parts of Europe. Near-surface temperatures were more than three standard deviations above the 1961–1990 climatology. Even accounting for global warming, this event far outside probability density function previous observations or climate model simulations. To investigate mechanisms behind event, energy-budget Europe is estimated. Atmospheric energy-transport convergence over calculated and compared with net energy flux at top atmosphere as well earth’s surface. The central North-Atlantic Ocean constituted major source energy. Here, release both sensible latent heat anomalously high. circulation played a crucial role by transporting excess into Of excess, dry-static larger part, partly due to an additional contribution derived from conversion heat, which occurred upstream study area eastern Atlantic. In Europe, surface turbulent-energy fluxes respond atmospheric are accordingly suppressed high temperature humidity content overlying air. outflow radiational space but not sufficient offset large positive anomaly found though relative near its normal values specific considerably higher usual. water-vapour induced local radiative feedback, increasing opacity long-wave radiation. This appears have significantly contributed extreme event. sustaining feedback loop.