Emissions of Ultrafine Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds from Commercially Available Desktop Three-Dimensional Printers with Multiple Filaments

摘要: Previous research has shown that desktop 3D printers can emit large numbers of ultrafine particles (UFPs, less than 100 nm) and some hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during printing, although very few filament printer combinations have been tested to date. Here we quantify emissions UFPs speciated VOCs from five commercially available extrusion utilizing up nine different filaments by controlled experiments in a test chamber. Median estimates time-varying UFP emission rates ranged ∼108 ∼1011 min–1 across all combinations, varying primarily material and, lesser extent, bed temperature. The individual emitted the largest quantities included caprolactam nylon-based imitation wood brick (ranging ∼2 ∼180 μg/min), styrene acrylonitrile butadiene (ABS) high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) ∼10 ∼110 lactide polylactic ac...