Mass-flowering of a tropical shrub (Hybanthus prunifolius): influence on pollinator attraction and movement.

摘要: There are conflicting views about the regulation of gene flow in tropical plants (see Corner, 1954; Baker, 1959; Federov, 1966; Ashton, 1969; Bawa, 1974). Characteristics proposed to promote outbreeding include a long flowering period, asynchronous flowering, dioecism, protandry, protogyny, and self-incompatibility. One feature which should yield reduced is mass-flowering individual plant. This study concentrates on this how it influences pollinator movement consequent flow. Among species, phenology plant varies markedly. plants, Janzen (1971) distinguished between two extreme patterns daily flower abundance. In first pattern, later designated "steady state" (Gentry, 1974), produces small numbers new flowers almost over an extended period (usually greater than 2 mo, often for 6-12 mo [Gilbert, 1975; Stiles, 1975]). second "big bang" 1974) or "mass-flowering" (Heinrich Raven, 1972), large each day short (often less one week). Earlier observations suggest that these contrasting attract different types pollinators. Pollinators visiting steady-state individuals thought be low number species richness, shift after shorter foraging move longer distances conspecific individuals, relative pollinators mass-flow-