Hollow Micro-/Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications**

摘要: Hollow micro-/nanostructures are of great interest in many current and emerging areas technology. Perhaps the best-known example former is use fly-ash hollow particles generated from coal power plants as partial replacement for Portland cement, to produce concrete with enhanced strength durability. This review devoted progress made last decade synthesis applications micro-/nanostructures. We present a comprehensive overview synthetic strategies structures. These broadly categorized into four themes, which include well-established approaches, such conventional hard-templating soft-templating methods, well newly methods based on sacrificial templating template-free synthesis. Success each has inspired multiple variations that continue drive rapid evolution field. The Review therefore focuses fundamentals process, pointing out advantages disadvantages where appropriate. Strategies generating more complex structures, rattle-type nonspherical also discussed. Applications structures lithium batteries, catalysis sensing, biomedical reviewed.