摘要: Expectations of a broader convergence living standards worldwide have spread at the same time as emerging markets and mature democracies seek to attract foreign investment in order accelerate economic growth. In this increasingly competitive global environment, protection property rights becomes criterion, together with openness international for goods, services assets, stable macroeconomy. EU, multilateral surveillance procedures programmes been implemented facilitate progress towards medium-term orientation macroeconomic policy. These practices may also provide benchmarks markets, blurring difference between “transition” “development”: particular, they define “converging European transitions” EU applicants. Given that economies experienced substantial fall their perceived after financial crises 1997-99, ability ...