摘要: Directional couplers are becoming an increasingly important component in microwave radio-frequency circuits. By the suitable generalization of concepts used discussing lumped loading a single transmission line, it is possible to discuss interaction coupling elements these more complicated circuits reasonably complete and elementary manner. Input impedances analyzed terms equivalent tee pi sections. The transformation line shown commute with similarity transformations, so that circuit problem one involving independent but properly loaded lines. behavior many aperture-coupled directional may be by use conventional impedance diagram. A small-hole theory given which predicts previously unexplained results.