Model-uncertainty quantification in seismic tomography: method and applications

摘要: Uncertainty is inherent in every stage of the oil and gas exploration production (E&P) business understanding uncertainty enables mitigation E&P risks. Therefore, quantification beneficial for decision making should be managed along with other aspects business. For example, decisions on well positioning take into account structural related to non-uniqueness a velocity model used create seismic depth image. Moreover, recent advances acquisition technology, such as full-azimuth, long-offset techniques, combined high-accuracy migration algorithms reverse-time migration, can greatly enhance images even highly complex settings, provided that an Earth sufficient resolution available. Modern practices often use non-seismic observation better constrain building. However, additional information, there still ambiguity our models caused by experiment. Many different Earth exist match observed (and well) data and this grows rapidly away from controls. The result true positions events images. Tracking these uncertainties lead significant improvement risk (e.g., trap failure when well-logging are not representative), drilling dry wells abnormal pore pressure) volumetric uncertainties. Whilst underlying never fully eradicated, quantified measure provides valuable tool evaluating risks development risk-mitigation plans decision-making strategies