Rapid adaptation to controlling new microbial epibionts in the invaded range promotes invasiveness of an exotic seaweed

摘要: Rapid adaptation to novel biotic interactions and abiotic factors in introduced ranges can be critical invasion success of both exotic terrestrial aquatic plants. Seaweeds are extremely successful biological invaders marine environments. Along with herbivores, foulers − ubiquitous enemies the environment have potential determine or failure invasive seaweeds. However, research on topic rapid seaweeds challenges is still its nascent stages fouling unexplored. We tested whether impressive red macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla may enhanced by chemical control (defence) new bacterial epibionts invaded range. The native G. populations investigated were equally well defended against currently co-occurring isolated from their respective ranges. In contrast, weakly range, whereas range. Apparently during process, adapted capacity cope but lost fend off old epibionts. Synthesis. These results provide first evidence that a change habitat and, thus, confrontation enemies, trigger defence seaweeds, which could necessary for invasiveness. Such dynamics as found current study also applicable other types host plant – enemy interaction e.g. root microbe interactions, freshwater fouler general cases shifting course climate change.