Physiology and Pharmacology of the Transplanted Heart

摘要: Heart failure is an extraordinarily complicated milieu. However, at the center of difficulty substantive impairment cardiac pump function. Though heart syndrome characterized by profound perturbation hormonal, humoral, neurologic, and cytokine systems, root impaired filling, decreased forward blood flow with peripheral organ hypoperfusion, structural remodeling (hypertrophy chamber dilatation) [1]–[3]. Many diseases cause myocardial injury that can impair normal contraction relaxation. Therapies today have focused largely on ameliorating background difficulties prompting injury, a great number treatments used attempt to interdict effects perturbed humoral systems[4],[5]. it has become clear attenuation physiologic abnormalities engendered advanced cannot, alone, dramatically alter prognosis[6]. Replacement malfunctioning necessary significantly change long-term outlook.