Optimal operation of vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle systems integrated with renewables

摘要: Bidirectional public charging stations of plug-in electric-vehicles (PEVs) are expected to provide both grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid services. The flexibility the operation these types distributed energy resources can be exploited through time-of-use (TOU) tariffs dictated by distribution system operators and/or retailers. This paper focuses on integration with renewable in an industrial site order lower procurement costs. Stochastic programming is used characterize uncertainties involved PEVs arrivals departures, their arrival desired departure states charge, as well generation renewables. A test case presented illustrate impact power profiles costs for different ratios sale purchase tariffs.