Granular activated carbon anchored with quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compounds to enhance perchlorate removal from groundwater

摘要: Abstract A novel method has been developed for anchoring quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compounds (QAE) within bituminous and wood based granular activated carbons (GACs). This QAE-anchored GAC was then used to enhance perchlorate removal from perchlorate-spiked natural groundwater. Specifically, the carbon, while processing groundwater that had spiked with 30–35 ppb perchlorate, passing this water through rapid small scale column tests, bed volumes (BV) 2 ppb breakthrough increased 870 BV pristine up 21,000 corresponding pre-anchored QUAB360 (360 Da). However, anchored achieved only 3000 BV. None of QAE leached out these GACs during tests. The hosted more positive surface charge at pH 7.5 than did QAE–GAC. Per X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, into their N-content by 1–1.3%. By means multiple analyses, authors surmised active ammonium sites tailored bituminous-based were exposed thus accessible adsorption those GAC.