A simple protocol using underwater epoxy to install annual temperature monitoring sites in rivers and streams

摘要: Thermal regimes in rivers and streams are fundamental determinants of biological processes often monitored for regulatory compliance. Here, we describe a simple technique establishing annual monitoring sites that uses underwater epoxy to attach miniature sensors large rocks cement bridge supports, which then serve as protective anchors. More than 500 new were established using the from 2010 2012 across Rocky Mountains. Revisits 179 indicate good sensor retention rates, with 88 - 100% retained after 1 year low-gradient (3%). Establishing is inexpensive, can be done wide range water temperatures, improves data collection efficiency because few site visits required measurements recorded throughout year.