摘要: The annually frozen and thawed active layer in permafrost terrain the seasonally ground non-permafrost areas have comparable thermal hydrologic behavior for most parts of year. Pervasive coldness winter freezes near-surface zones rocks soils, minimizing differences between materials. When seasonal frost disappears summer, soil has above-freezing conditions throughout its profile while continues to be underlain by frigid with limited permeability. continued existence a cold relatively impermeable substrate is responsible set unique environment (Sect. 1.4.1).
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