Revisiting Type 2‐high and Type 2‐low airway inflammation in asthma: current knowledge and therapeutic implications

摘要: Asthma is a complex respiratory disorder characterized by marked heterogeneity in individual patient disease triggers and response to therapy. Several asthma phenotypes have now been identified, each defined unique interaction between genetic environmental factors, including inflammatory, clinical trigger-related phenotypes. Endotypes further describe the functional or pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying patient's disease. type 2-driven an emerging nomenclature for common subtype of release signature cytokines IL-4, IL-5 IL-13 from cells both innate adaptive immune systems. A number well-recognized biomarkers linked involved 2 airway inflammation, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, serum IgE, periostin, blood sputum eosinophils. These are targets pharmaceutical intervention, therapeutic options under investigation management patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. Anticipating understanding subsequent improved characterization different endotypes must guide selection treatment meet patients' needs.