PROPERTIES OF SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONAL VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE FOR WING SIZE AND SHAPE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

摘要: We estimated mutational variance-covariance matrices, M, for wing shape and size in two genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster after 192 generations mutation accumulation. characterized 21 potentially independent aspects using geometric morphometrics, analyzed the data a likelihood-based factor-analytic approach. implement previously unused analysis that describes those directions with greatest difference evolvability between pairs matrices. There are significant effects on 19 possible form, consistent high dimensionality standing genetic variation identified D. melanogaster. Mutations have partially recessive effects, average dominance around 0.25. Sex-specific matrices relatively similar, although male-specific slightly larger, as expected due to dosage compensation X chromosome. Genotype-specific quite different. Matrices may differ both because sampling error based small samples mutations large phenotypic properties genotypes. Genotypic differences likely be involved, different molecular rates properties.