Changing demography and population decline in the Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris: a multisite approach to Integrated Population Monitoring

摘要: Understanding demography is critical for understanding the causes underlying population declines, and initiating monitoring policies to reverse them. A method of fitting demographic models directly avian count data recorded at a sample census sites described. The model applied national regional counts Common Starling Stumus vulgaris in Britain period 1965-2000. Starlings have declined markedly during this time are now on list birds highest conservation concern. Although there been small changes various aspects breeding success over time, analysis shows that these unlikely made much impact long-term status species. By incorporating estimates survival, based upon recoveries ringed birds, suggests pronounced decline numbers since stability 19 70s most likely be due survival first-year birds. This narrows candidate range environmental factors which might influence implicates resource availability.