Transatlantic invasion routes and adaptive potential in North American populations of the invasive glossy buckthorn, Frangula alnus.

摘要: BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many invasive species severely threaten native biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. One of the most prominent questions in invasion genetics is how populations can overcome genetic founder effects to establish stable after colonization new habitats. High diversity multiple introductions are expected increase adaptive potential range. Our aim was identify European source Frangula alnus (glossy buckthorn), an ornamental highly woody that deliberately introduced into North America at end 18th century. A second this study assess as explanation for success species. METHODS Using a set annotated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assigned putative function based on sequence comparison with model species, total 38 21 American subjected distance-based structure assignment analyses combined population genomic tools. Genetic SNPs ecologically relevant functions considered proxy potential. KEY RESULTS Patterns coincided early modern transatlantic trading routes. Multiple through trade from limited number port regions urban areas led establishment bridgehead high allelic richness heterozygosity, allowing continuous secondary migration natural areas. CONCLUSIONS Targeted eradication populations, where highest observed, offers promising strategy arrest further prairies forests.