Pan‐Arctic sea ice‐algal chl a biomass and suitable habitat are largely underestimated for multiyear ice

摘要: There is mounting evidence that multiyear ice (MYI) a unique component of the Arctic Ocean and may play more important ecological role than previously assumed. This study improves our understanding potential MYI as suitable habitat for sea algae on pan-Arctic scale. We sampled cores from first-year (FYI) within Lincoln Sea during four consecutive spring seasons. included hummocks with mean chl biomass 2.0 mg/m2, value significantly higher FYI refrozen ponds. Our results support hypothesis can host substantial ice-algal represent reliable due to (quasi-) permanent low-snow surface these features. identified an threshold calculated light transmittance 0.014%. Ice classes coverage were determined snow surveys. These associated applied CryoSat-2 thickness data products. classification accounted variability properties showed areal MYI-covered region 0.54 million km2 (8.5% total area). 27 times greater 0.02 million (0.3% area) using conventional block-model classification, which assigns single-parameter values each grid cell does not account subgrid variability. emphasizes importance accounting variable conditions in all studies. Furthermore, indicate loss will also when food sparse many organisms depend ice-algae.