摘要: The review of geochronological and historical data documents that the largest southern European deltas formed almost synchronously during two short intervals enhanced anthropic pressure on landscapes, respectively Roman Empire Little Ice Age. These growth phases, occurred under contrasting climatic regimes, were both followed by generalized delta retreat, driven markedly different reasons: after Romans, fall population new afforestation let soil erosion in river catchments return to natural background levels; since industrial revolution, instead, flow regulation through dams overkill a still increasing sediment production catchment basins. In this second case, furthermore, effect reduced flux coasts is amplified sinking modern deltas, due land subsidence sea level rise, hampers outbuilding increases vulnerability coastal zone marine flooding.