Smelling the tree and the forest: elm background odours affect egg parasitoid orientation to herbivore induced terpenoids

摘要: Parasitic insects use herbivore induced plant volatiles as signals for host location. However, their responses to these in the background of natural habitat odours need further evaluation developing successful biological control strategies. Field elms (Ulmus minor Miller (Ulmaceae)) release a blend response oviposition elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), major urban and forest pest USA Australia. This attracts beneficial egg parasitoid Oomyzus gallerucae Fonscolombe (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Our olfactory assays showed that an odorous non-attractive from feeding damaged or (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate masks attractive effect host-induced (E)-β-caryophyllene O. gallerucae. Quantitative GC–MS analyses revealed decreased concentrations accompanied by highly increased sesquiterpenes treated compared undamaged elms. finding hints how might distinguish between different backgrounds. It is corroborated outcome our field study stands, where parasitized more masses due artificially terpenoids.