Synchronization of gallers with host plant phenology

摘要: In addition to various bottom-up effects, the synchronization of herbivores with their host plant phenology determines quality and quantity food resources affects preference–performance linkage abundance herbivores. The has a more critical meaning for such short-lived galling insects as cecidomyiid adults young aphid stem mothers than other insects. This review, first, presents general information about gall midges aphids, together life history patterns some ecological attributes. Second, important topics insect–host relation are briefly reviewed. Then, between midge emergence analyzed discuss adaptive strategies show how amount available is affected by time lag in synchronization. spatial distribution pattern also discussed