Pathogenesis of obstructive and central sleep apnea.

摘要: Considerable progress has been made over the last several decades in our understanding of pathophysiology both central and obstructive sleep apnea. Central apnea, its various forms, is generally product an unstable ventilatory control system (high loop gain) with increased controller gain hypercapnic responsiveness) being cause. High plant can contribute under certain circumstances (hypercapnic patients). On other hand, apnea develop as result a variety physiologic characteristics. The combinations these may vary considerably between patients. Most patients have anatomically small upper airway augmented pharyngeal dilator muscle activation maintaining patency awake, but not asleep. However, individual variability phenotypic characteristics ultimately determine who develops how severe will be. These include: (1) anatomy, (2) ability u...