Long-term population changes of Adelie, chinstrap, and gentoo penguins in the regions of SSSI No.8 and SSSI No.34, King George Island, Antarctica
作者： K Sierakowski , P Ciaputa
DOI:
关键词:
摘要: Population estimates of Adelie, chinstrap, and gentoo penguins were obtained at the SSSI No. 8 during 1990,1992, between 1994 1996, 34 1996. The most numerous species both localities Adelie penguin popula tion, which appears to be fairly stable in region 8, oscillating level 17 000 nests. However, population decreased. doubled since 1980, but decreased 8. Significant decreases chinstrap nest numbers sites found study period. This pattern mirrors general Pygoscelis changes Antarctic Peninsula region. There is increasing concern that tourism other hu man-related activities may negatively impact populations. our data are insuf ficient prove hypothesis.
参考文章(13)
W. Z. Trivelpiece, S. G. Trivelpiece, G. R. Geupel, J. Kjelmyr, N. J. Volkman, Adélie and Chinstrap Penguins: Their Potential as Monitors of the Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem Antarctic Ecosystems. pp. 191- 202 ,(1990) , 10.1007/978-3-642-84074-6_20
E. D. Kirkwood, J. P. Croxall, The distribution of penguins on the Antarctic peninsula and islands of the Scotia Sea British Antarctic Survey. ,(1979)
Eric J. Woehler, S. Poncet, The distribution and abundance of Antarctic and Subantarctic penguins Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). ,(1993)
WilliamR. Fraser, WayneZ. Trivelpiece, DavidG. Ainley, SusanG. Trivelpiece, Increases in Antarctic penguin populations: reduced competition with whales or a loss of sea ice due to environmental warming? Polar Biology. ,vol. 11, pp. 525- 531 ,(1992) , 10.1007/BF00237945
The biology of penguins The Geographical Journal. ,vol. 142, pp. 150- ,(1975) , 10.1007/978-1-349-02270-0
Monitoring the marine environment Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. ,vol. 177, pp. 451- 462 ,(1971) , 10.1098/RSPB.1971.0041
Amanda J. Nimon, Robert C. Schroter, Bernard Stonehouse, Heart rate of disturbed penguins Nature. ,vol. 374, pp. 415- 415 ,(1995) , 10.1038/374415A0
RoryP. Wilson, B. Culik, R. Danfeld, D. Adelung, People in Antarctica — how much do Adélie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae care? Polar Biology. ,vol. 11, pp. 363- 370 ,(1991) , 10.1007/BF00239688
Katarzyna Salwicka, Piotr Ciaputa, Tourism at Antarctic Arctowski Station 1991-1997: policies for better management Polish Polar Research. ,vol. 18, ,(1997)
Growth of a fur seal population Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. ,vol. 279, pp. 67- 79 ,(1977) , 10.1098/RSTB.1977.0072