Road freight transportation in a period of economic instability: A panel data study in four EU Mediterranean countries

摘要: Abstract For the majority of EU member countries, but especially those South i.e., Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal, last decade was characterised by a period negative economic growth general instability their economies. During that period, four countries faced significant changes to output several sectors, development has affected freight transportation in many ways. This paper examines impacts this environment had on road transport output. It aims to, first, analyse trends variations indicators compare them express state economy each countries. Secondly, create mathematical relations between these analysing number panel data gathered over 15 years from 2005 2019. Our results indicated “traditional”, relationship GDP performance for national international operations seems hold Spain, Portugal with positive elasticities case Italy (an anomaly may indicate start decoupling or other deeper social reasons). Further analysis revealed correlations index production manufacturing sector, indicating countries' low sensitivity sector. is also valid exporting activity, revealing differences export trade, different degrees commodification, types exported goods, trading particular destination partners.