Experimental Methods for the Measurement of Surface Stress Changes

摘要: In Chap. 4, methods for the experimental determination of (interfacial) stress changes in electrochemical systems are presented. The piezoelectric method, extensometer method and its variants (e.g., optical fiber interferometry with Mach–Zehnder interferometer), “bending beam” (“bending cantilever,” “laser beam deflection,” “wafer curvature”) related techniques, based on measurement contact angle discussed detail. Special attention has been paid to problems use bending plate/disc methods. theories summarized, typical arrangements kind quality information that can be achieved using these discussed.