Dominance in domestic dogs—A response to Schilder et al. (2014)

摘要: Abstract We here respond to the claim by Schilder and colleagues (Schilder, M. B. H., Vinke, C. M., van der Borg, J. A. 2014. Dominance in domestic dogs revisited: Useful habit useful construct? Vet. Behav.: Clin. App. Res. 9, 184-191) that dominance is a construct interpretation of companion dog behavior. first make distinction between well-established use framework ethology wild species, its more contentious as character trait descriptor motivation. By evaluating recent studies canine "personality" (individual differences behavior are consistent across time context), we conclude there no evidence individual dogs, but rather it property relationships, can arise due asymmetries any one at least 3 distinct personality traits. question whether concepts derived from wolf have much utility interpreting because groups free-ranging confirm has lost traits key social organization gray wolf, namely coordinated group hunting, reproductive suppression, provisioning cubs nonreproducing relatives. further which routinely compete for physical resources, provide an appropriate generally do not. then reinterpret Schenkel's "active submission" posture primarily affiliative indicator dependence younger, inexperienced on older members their group. reviewing literature cognitive abilities other Carnivora, demonstrate primate-based "Utrecht School" model makes assumptions invalid overwhelming balance indicates relationships among Carnivora based noncognitive mechanisms. examining implications colleagues' management owners.