Why Behavioral IR

摘要: Research in political science and IR has pointed out numerous anomalies from the traditional analytic, rational, expected utility model of choice (see Jervis 1976; Maoz 1990; Vertzberger Levy 1997, 2003). Examples such biases include: 1. susceptibility leaders, advisors, other decision makers to framing effects (Levy 1997); 2. leaders negative information, so-called “poliheuristic bias” (Mintz 2004a); 3. effect emotions on information search preference reversal (Geva Skorick 2006; Redlawsk Civettini 2006); 4. loss aversion foreign policy behavior (Jervis Nincic 1997); 5. “wishful thinking” bias 2003); 6. “shooting hip” (Forman Selly 2001); 7. groupthink (Janis 1982). One main problems that state encounter crises is they tend be influenced by errors making because cognitive limitations. In fact, most complex, crucial decisions affected constraints 2001). It well documented many instances use rules thumb, not strictly rational analyses, often make less than perfect (that is, suboptimal) decisions. It proposal this essay Forum Behavioral increases explanatory power field providing it with more realistic psychological foundations.2 The people, groups, nations, bureaucracies, organizations matters 2005a). Indeed, research can viewed as consisting nonrational (behavioral) paradigms. process-oriented, quasi-rational, involves “satisficing,” study framing, all a bounded environment. Prospect theory an example behavioral theory, poliheuristic theory. …