The MSDIN family in amanitin-producing mushrooms and evolution of the prolyl oligopeptidase genes.

摘要: The biosynthetic pathway for amanitins and related cyclic peptides in deadly Amanita (Amanitaceae) mushrooms represents the first known ribosomal peptide Fungi. Amanitins are found outside of genus distantly agarics Galerina (Strophariaceae) Lepiota (Agaricaceae). A long-standing question field persists: why is this present these phylogenetically disjunct agarics? Two mushrooms, A. pallidorosea subjunquillea, were deep sequenced, sequences genes encoding MSDINs (cyclic precursor) prolyl oligopeptidases (POPA POPB) obtained. two species yielded 29 18 MSDINs, respectively. In addition, MSDIN cloned from L. brunneoincarnata basidiomes. toxin amatoxins or phallotoxins three genera compared, a phylogenetic tree constructed. Prolyl oligopeptidase B (POPB), key enzyme pathway, was used reconstruction to infer evolutionary history genes. Phylogenies POPB POPA based on both coding amino acid showed very different results: while clearly reflected phylogeny host species, did not; strikingly, it formed wellsupported monophyletic clade, despite that belong families. POPA, house-keeping gene, shown be restricted branch containing only resembled those species. Phylogenetic analyses tight coordination distribution. gene compared with corresponding tree, distances substitution rates compared. result suggested have significant smaller than rpb2, discounting massive loss. Under assumption, incongruency between strong support. Additionally, k-mer consistently cluster genes, distinct. Our suggests horizontal transfer (HGT), at least Galerina, involved acquisition which may shed light evolution α-amanitin pathway.