Mobilité quotidienne des enfants : déterminants, caractéristiques et évolution

摘要: RESUME A Montreal comme ailleurs, l’obesite infantile, notamment causee par le manque d’activite physique des enfants, est une problematique preoccupant fortement les professionnels de la sante. Plusieurs auteurs soulignent qu’un assainissement habitudes transport pratique quotidienne d’une mobilite active, pourrait contribuer a ameliorer situation. En caracterisant enfants grande region montrealaise (GRM), ce memoire cherche donc approfondir notre comprehension determinants derriere leurs transport. Dans contexte, s’efforce repondre deux objectifs. Dans un premier temps, comportements jeunes 5 19 ans GRM quel que soit mode exploite ou motif poursuivi sont analyses. Afin cet objectif specifique, methode l’estimateur intrinseque issue du processus modelisation Âge-Periode-Cohorte-Caracteristiques (APCC) permet l’exploitation donnees provenant enquetes Origine-Destination realisees entre 1987 et 2008. Cette approche necessitant solides notions theoriques illustrant devant etre traitee, premiere analyse descriptive realisee. Par suite, 6 indicateurs ont ete modelises : parts modales 4 modes (auto passager, marche, velo transports collectifs), distance moyenne deplacements realises nombre moyen executes. Par second cette etude porte aussi attention particuliere au lien lieu domicile etudiants localisation l’ecole qu’ils frequentent. partir d’inscriptions scolaires 1998 2008, modele distribution permit d’evaluer l’efficacite, en matiere distances deplacements, choix scolaire etudiants. Trois scenarios exploratoires bases sur redistribution fonction 3 criteres developpes. La d’analyser scenario chaque etudiant frequente plus proche son residence. critere proximite, considere reseau souhaite (enseignement prive public) tandis troisieme redistribue eleves tenant compte capacite ecoles telle qu’observee 2008.----------ABSTRACT Childhood obesity is caused, among other things, by the lack of physical activity children. For many years now, this has been an that strongly concerns health professionals all over world. Several authors emphasize some changes in children’s transportation habits, including daily practice active mobility, could help improve By characterizing mobility children greater area thesis seeks to deepen our understanding factors behind habits. In context, paper addresses two main objectives. First, it analyzes behavior aged within GRM. To consider specific objective, intrinsic estimator method Age-Period-Cohort-Characteristics modelling process allows use data from Origin-Destination surveys conducted This approach requires particularly strong theoretical documenting problem be treated. Therefore analysis was also performed. Six indicators were modeled: modal share (car passenger, walking, cycling and public transportation), average trips made number performed. This study pays special relationship between place residence students location school they attend. From enrollment databases (1998 2008), model developed evaluate effectiveness, terms travel distances, choice and/or their parents. Three exploratory based on according three criteria are presented. The first where each student attends closest home. In addition criterion proximity, considers desired network (private education) while third redistributes taking into account capacity schools as observed