Ca++ Gating of Proton Fluxes in Thylakoid Membranes: Regulation of Localised and Delocalised Energy Coupled Proton Gradients

摘要: This report gives an overview of recent developments in the study how proton gradients are generated and utilised for energising ATP formation spinach or pea chloroplasts. The evidence is reviewed that supports hypothesis there being energisation either by membrane domain-localised delocalised gradients. Delocalised H+ competent to drive form under several different conditions—all which appear displace Ca++ ions from binding sites thylakoid on lumen side membrane. A localised gradient coupling mode observed when not displaced first place (such as pretreatments maintain low K+ concentrations over-acidifying thylakoids) if added thylakoids were treated so sites. Treatments such 100 mM KCl incubation, basal electron flow-dependent accumulation, those a lipid-soluble chelator added, lead third treatments listed above reverse delocalising tendency, mode.