Kinetics of prebiotic depsipeptide formation from the ester–amide exchange reaction

摘要: In this work, we introduce a kinetic model to study the effectiveness of ester-mediated amide bond formation under prebiotic conditions. our previous found that simple system composed α-hydroxy acids and α-amino is capable forming peptide bonds via esterification followed by ester–amide exchange reaction. To further understand behavior copolymerization, first tracked growth initial species from valine/lactic acid mixture in closed reactor. A mathematical was developed simulate reactions evaluate rate constants at different temperatures. We these can be described empirical Arrhenius equation even when reaction occurred solid (dry) state. Further calculations for activation parameters showed pathway facilitates lowering entropies. These results provide theoretical framework illustrates why efficient it would have been more favorable on early Earth, compared without aid hydroxy acids.