Estrogens, progestins, menopause and neurodegeneration: basic and clinical studies.

摘要: Two classes of ovarian steroids, estrogens and progestins, are potent in protecting neurons against acute toxic events as well chronic neurodegeneration. Herein we review the evidence for neuroprotection by both provide plausible mechanisms these neuroprotective activities indicate need further clinical trials progestins protection conditions that cause neuronal death. Estrogens at concentrations ranging from physiological to pharmacological a variety vitro vivo models cerebral ischemia brain trauma reducing key neuropathologies Alzheimer's disease. While this currently unresolved, mitochondrial mechanism is involved. Progestins have been recently shown activate many signaling pathways used neuroprotect, protect loss insult. Collectively, results animal tissue culture suggest menopause makes more vulnerable insults neurodegenerative diseases. Further assessment appropriate regimens estrogens, their combination supported data.