Missing the target? A critical view on butterfly conservation efforts on calcareous grasslands in south-western Germany

摘要: Butterflies are strongly declining on grassland habitats of Central Europe. Therefore, the success conservation measures high quality is controversially discussed. We compared changes in butterfly diversity and community structure six managed calcareous grasslands with eight unmanaged vineyard fallows. obtained strong losses species remarkable shifts compositions both habitat types. However, fallows were only slightly more severe but stochastic than grasslands. The composition respect to functional traits rather similar between two different types so that complex communities evolved into generalist-dominated ones. Connectivity was higher among Consequently, partly achieved their goal maintain complexity still observed 1970s. negative impacts eutrophication monotonisation landscape as well climate change affecting all habitats, independently from management concepts. sites can buffer against these effects, not sufficient for a full compensation.