Sniffing Out Urinary Tract Infection-Diagnosis Based on Volatile Organic Compounds and Smell Profile.

摘要: Current available methods for the clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) rely on a urine dipstick test or culturing pathogens. The is rapid (available in 1–2 min), but has low positive predictive value, while time-consuming and delays (24–72 h between sample collection pathogen identification). Due to this delay, broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed immediately. over-prescription should be limited, order prevent development antimicrobial resistance. As result, there growing need alternative diagnostic tools. This paper reviews applications chemical-analysis instruments, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), selected ion flow tube mass (SIFT-MS), mobility (IMS), field asymmetric (FAIMS) electronic noses (eNoses) used UTI. These analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from headspace collected samples identify bacterial even determine causative agent’s resistance different antibiotics. There great potential these technologies gain wide-spread routine use settings, since analysis can automated, results within minutes after collection. could significantly reduce necessity prescribe allow faster more effective narrow-spectrum