作者: Anita Haupt , André Lerch
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摘要: Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane technology that uses the osmotic pressure difference to treat two fluids at time giving opportunity for an energy-efficient water and wastewater treatment. Various applications are possible; one of them application in industrial management. In this review paper, basic principle FO explained state-of-the-art regarding manufacturing industries described. Examples were found food beverage industry, chemical pharmaceutical coal processing, micro algae cultivation, textile pulp paper electronic car manufacturing. publications also about heavy metal elimination cooling However, so far was applied lab-scale experiments only. The up-scaling on pilot- or full-scale will be essential next step. Long-term fouling behavior, cleaning methods, operation procedures points need further investigated. Moreover, energetic economic evaluations performed before can implemented industries.