Some misconceptions concerning the electronic spectra of tri-positive europium and cerium

摘要: Tripositive europium attracts wide interest in diverse fields such as phosphors, sensors, and time-gated bioimaging agents based upon its optical emission spectra. Some inaccurate descriptions of these spectra are being amplified throughout the literature. In this tutorial review background electronic states, energy levels transition intensities is provided a pre-requisite for clarifying misconceptions. The topics discussed encompass electric dipole nature intraconfigurational 4f transitions, use site symmetry centrosymmetry probe, well an indicator nephelauxetic effects. frequently mis-used term Stokes shift also clarified alternative terms given situations where it incorrectly applied.