Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and neuropharmacological effects of Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae): A review

摘要: Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Petiveria alliacea L. commonly grows in the tropical regions of Americas such as Amazon forest, Central America, Caribbean islands and Mexico, well specific Africa. Popularly known by several different names including ‘mucuracaa’, ‘guine’ ‘pipi’, P. has been used traditional medicine for treatment various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, anxiety, pain, memory deficits seizures, its anaesthetic sedative properties. Furthermore, use this species religious ceremonies reported since era slavery Americas. Therefore, present review aims to provide a critical comprehensive overview ethnobotany, phytochemistry pharmacological properties , focusing on CNS effects, order identify scientific lacunae open new perspectives future research. Materials methods A literature search was performed using ethnobotanical textbooks, published articles peer-reviewed journals, unpublished materials, government survey reports databases PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Science Direct Google Scholar. The Plant List, International Name Index Kew Botanical Garden name were validate names. Results discussion Crude extracts, fractions phytochemical constituents isolated from parts show wide spectrum neuropharmacological activities anxiolytic, antidepressant, antinociceptive anti-seizure, cognitive enhancers. Phytochemistry studies indicate that plant contains diversity biologically active compounds, with qualitative quantitative variations major compounds depending region collection harvest season, essential oil (Petiverina), saponinic glycosides, isoarborinol-triterpene, isoarborinol-acetate, isoarborinol-cinnamate, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids tannins. Root chemical analyses have revealed coumarins, benzyl-hydroxy-ethyl-trisulphide, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, dibenzyl trisulphide, potassium nitrate, b-sitosterol, isoarborinol, polyphenols, trithiolaniacine, glucose glycine. Conclusions Many uses now validated modern pharmacology available data reviewed here support emergence potential source disorders depression, epilepsy impairments. However, further are certainly required improve knowledge about mechanisms action, toxicity efficacy bioactive before it can be approved terms safety therapeutic applications.