Interactions of antiprotons with atoms and molecules

摘要: Abstract Antiproton beams of relatively low energies (below hundreds MeV) have recently become available. The present article discusses the significance those in contexts radiation physics and atomic molecular physics. Studies on individual collisions antiprotons with atoms molecules are valuable for a better understanding protons or electrons, subject many applications. An antiproton is unique as stable, negative heavy particle without electronic structure, it provides an excellent opportunity to study collision theory. Comparison stopping powers material proton at same speed will be most clearcut approach Barkas effect. moderation matter roughly similar that pions muons, but some differences remain elucidated. Full discussion interactions low-energy atom molecule must consider adiabatic potential determined by motion field nucleus rest. When approaches sufficiently closely, then electrons no longer bound ooze out extremely kinetic energies; thus, becomes ionized, often multiply ionized. This mechanism ionization absent proton. Upon complete moderation, eventually captured Coulomb thus antiprotonic formed. also touches upon problems related condensed matter. For instance, possibility chanelling crystal considered.