Study Design, Statistical Inference and Literature Search in Surgical Research

摘要: The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with theoretical skills necessary understand principles behind critical appraisal literature. presentation will follow roughly order by which a researcher carries out research. First, we discuss main types study design. Second, briefly mention basic statistical procedures used in data analysis. Third, on possible interpretations an observed association between exposure and outcome interest, including any causal implications. Fourth, issue clinical significance distinguish it from signifi-cance referring outcomes research measures effect potential risk factor. Finally, give practical advice help readers increase their ability search efficiently biomedical databases, especially medline.