Non-native fish in aquaculture and sport fishing in Brazil: economic benefits versus risks to fish diversity in the upper River Paraná Basin

摘要: Brazil has a highly diverse freshwater fish fauna and their freshwaters provide valuable provisioning ecosystem services in aquaculture sport angling, especially the developed regions south. Non-native now comprise substantial proportion of total production value, contributing at least $US 250 million 2008 (63% value aquaculture) according to Fish Agriculture Organisation. Much this activity is centred Central Southern Brazil, such as impounded sections upper River Parana. The non-native fishes used tend feed relatively low trophic levels, with most prominently species being Cyprinus carpio Oreochromis niloticus. Ecological risk assessment suggests these are potentially invasive deleterious native diversity invaded water bodies. Fishes introduced for creation fisheries higher levels through piscivory, peacock basses (Cichla species) from Amazonia. Their introductions have generally resulted establishment invasion, which tends be followed by significant rapid declines consequence increased predation pressure. Thus, whilst Parana support economic principal represent high risks conservation. It recommended local management should concentrate on reducing use more appropriate services, decisions derived using precautionary principles.