Moral Reasoning and Moral Behavior in Conventional Adults.

摘要: Traditional approaches to the study of morality have found little relationship between either knowledge or respect for conventional moral standards and behavior. Studies such as those Havig hurst & Taba (1949), Hendry (1960), Lehrer (1967), Mills Rau (1964) supplied consistent support conclusions a classic on honesty by Hartshorne May (1928-1930). (1928-1930) that there is relation ship what people believe right wrong they do,· behaviors lying, cheating, stealing are de termined mainly situational demands, not characteristics indi viduals. Although factor analysis May's data Burton (1963) revealed general amount variance accounted was small. The cognitive-developmental theorist Kohlberg (1964, 1969, 1971) has challenged traditional conceptions morality, fered conceptually different approach understanding judgment accepts two main findings research: (a) necessary content reasoning (what wrong) behavior; (b) external demands determine behavior con ventionally considered moral. However, he holds conforms neces sarily According Kohlberg, an aspect rea soning, only can be spring from types decisions determined high level reasoning. Behaviors generally immoral because follow low-level morality. necessarily immoral, definition.