Cirrus Clouds and Climate Engineering: New Findings on Ice Nucleation and Theoretical Basis

摘要: Geo-engineering, henceforth referred to as climate engineering, can be described an intentional intervention on the Earth’s system for purpose of temporarily reducing increase in surface temperatures due global warming. While it is generally acknowledged that engineering cannot solve problem warming resulting from unrestricted greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Launder and Thompson, 2010), may “buy time” non-carbon energy systems dominate production GHG reduced safe levels. The longer meaningful policy decisions are delayed, stronger demand likely research development. As by Anderson Bows (2010), even if effective treaty were take effect now, would still extremely difficult prevent mean rising above 2°C (above which argued consequences change unacceptable). It thus defensible argue some combination mitigation necessary limit 2°C. A modeling study Arora et al. (2011) also finds a exceeding unavoidable. Using updated emission scenarios upgraded Earth model (which accounts aerosol effects represents carbon-cycle more realistically), under lowest, most optimistic scenario, average temperature will than (the agreed various governments Copenhagen accord) 2100. To 2100, carbon dioxide need zero over next 50 years followed ongoing sequestration (removal CO2 atmosphere) through end this century. few scientists advocate tinkering with earth’s (Schneider kind become necessity rather option. Two types have been recognized: removal (CDR) strategies solar radiation management (SRM). CDR approaches biological, such iron fertilization oceans phytoplankton uptake (Lampitt al., 2010; Smetacek Naqvi, or they physically based, direct capture