Storage and balancing synergies in a fully or highly renewable pan-European power system

摘要: Through a parametric time-series analysis of 8 years hourly data, we quantify the storage size and balancing energy needs for highly fully renewable European power systems different levels mixes wind solar energy. By applying dispatch strategy that minimizes given size, interplay between is quantified, providing hard upper limit on their synergy. An efficient but relatively small reduces significantly due to its influence intra-day mismatches. Furthermore, show combined with low-efficiency hydrogen level equal what today provided by lakes, it sufficient meet electricity demand in system where average generation from exceeds only few percent.