Food Webs: What Can They Tell Us About the World?

摘要: This book unites diverse approaches from theoretical ecology and empirical research in systems ranging soil fauna to oceans. Major philosophical methodological differences are expected such a heterogeneous group of ecologists; indeed, one might be amazed by the establishment substantial common basis for discussion. Food webs provide this basis. Much recent ecological literature is cast within food-web framework, including studies of: (1) Habitat heterogeneity regulation community structure (e.g., Lubchenco (1983), Kareiva (1986), Moore Hunt (1988), et al. (1989b)); (2) environmental change through time function (Menge Sutherland, 1976; Winemiller, 1990; Schoenly Cohen, 1991); (3) productivity gradients (Oksanen al., 1981; Persson 1988, (4) direct indirect cascading effects predation on (Paine, 1980; Power 1985; Carpenter 1987; Kerfoot, Yodzis, 1988; Schoener, 1989; Spiller Turner Mittelbach, 1990); (5) intraguild (Polis Oksanen, Polis Holt, 1992); (6) mutualism (Vandermeer 1985); (7) apparent competition (Holt, 1984; Holt Kotler, 1987); (8) ecosystem stability nutrient dynamics (DeAngelis, 1992). Some population interactions competition, predation) cannot fully evaluated outside context because their outcomes can modified other members web. Aquatic ecologists have achieved notable success studying between top-down (consumption) bottom-up (production) factors (Carpenter, McQueen Power, 1990a, 1990b; Vanni Findlay, volume). Most viewed consumption exclusively pathways derived primary production, only recently has major role detritus received much serious attention (Cousins, Rich, Coleman 1989a; Hurd, volume; Porter, There currently little agreement how best characterize (itself unit) food (Rich, Cousins, Polis, 1991). In addition, arenas several debates, as paradigms associating complexity with (MacArthur, 1972; May, 1975, 1983; Pimm, 1982; Abrams Taber, 1982) hypotheses relating size-dependent (Brooks Dodson, 1965; Warren Lawton, Cohen Newman, 1988).