The health economics of bladder cancer

摘要: The aim of this paper was to conduct a critical systematic review the available literature on clinical and economic burden bladder cancer in developed countries, with focus cost effectiveness interventions aimed at reducing that burden.Forty-four studies were included review. Because long- term survival need for lifelong routine monitoring treatment, per patient from diagnosis death is highest all cancers, ranging 96000-187000 US dollars (2001 values) US. Overall, fifth most expensive terms total medical care expenditures, accounting almost 3.7 billion direct costs Screening general population currently not recommended. value relatively new less urine assays molecular urinary tumour markers has been assessed. However, suggests screening patients suspected having using invasive diagnostic procedures effective. Very few cost-effectiveness have evaluated intravesical therapies such as bacillus Calmette-Guerin mitomycin management superficial disease no robust recommendations can be drawn. Economic analyses suggest non-surgical treatment strategies aiming preservation may effective, because they consistently demonstrated benefits do eliminate subsequent radical cystectomy. current conventional frequent follow-up effectively replaced by monitoring, should rely more heavily chemotherapy reduce cystoscopies. Bladder fairly common costly malignancy. Nevertheless, existing only contributes marginally our knowledge concerning various interventions. limited area attributed (i) being published abstracts rather than full peer-reviewed evaluations; (ii) employing questionable methodologies; (iii) many cases nearly obsolete, rendering them relevant to, if conflict with, practice. Consequently, opportunities exist meaningful research areas cancer, including screening, diagnosis, especially respect innovative pharmaceutical other technologies.