摘要: A complex system is a composed of many interacting parts, often called agents, which displays collective behavior that does not follow trivially from the behaviors individual parts. Examples include condensed matter systems, ecosystems, stock markets and economies, biological evolution, indeed whole human society. Substantial progress has been made in quantitative understanding particularly since 1980s, using combination basic theory, much it derived physics, computer simulation. The subject broad one, drawing on techniques ideas wide range areas. Here I give survey main themes methods systems science an annotated bibliography resources, ranging classic papers to recent books reviews.
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core.ac.uk参考文章(14)
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