The Effect of Vertical Temperature Gradient on the Propagation of Three-dimensional Waves in a Protoplanetary Disk

摘要: Excitation and propagation of waves in a thermally stratified disk with an arbitrary vertical temperature profile are studied. Previous analytical studies three-dimensional had been focused on either isothermal or polytropic structures. However, at the location protoplanetary where dominant heating source is stellar irradiation, gradient may become positive direction. We extend analysis to study effects structure that excited Lindblad resonances. For hotter atmosphere, $f$-mode contributes less torque remains confined near midplane as it propagates away from On other hand, excitation $g$-modes stronger. As they propagate, channel top atmosphere their group velocities decrease. The differences compared previous have implications understanding wave dynamics realistic structure.